Machines with money need brakes.
On 1 August 2012, a trading system at Knight Capital went wrong. It sent more than 4 million orders into the market while trying to fill 212 customer orders. In 45 minutes the firm lost more than $460 million.
The US regulator had adopted the rule that should have stopped it in 2010: brokers must keep pre-trade risk controls under their own direct control. Knight's controls could not stop orders that went past the firm's capital limits.
Agents now buy software, pay invoices and top up cloud accounts on their own. KEEL is their pre-trade control.